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Recording

Bach: Clavier-Übung III

Stephen Farr (Metzler organ of Trinity College, Cambridge)
105:20 (2 CDs in jewel case)
Resonus RES10120

James Johnstone (Wagner organ 1739, Trondheim)
107:26 (2 CDs in a card folder)
Metronome MET CD 1094

[dropcap]L[/dropcap]ike No 11 busses, no new Clavier-Übung III  comes for ages, and now two arrive at once! Both are from English players, and both use good instruments: Stephen Farr plays on the 42 stop 1975 Metzler in Trinity Cambridge and James Johnstone uses the 30 stop 1741 Wagner organ in Trondheim Cathedral, carefully reconstituted by highly experienced Jürgen Ahrend in the 1990s.

In his Liner notes, Farr ponders – as does Johnstone – whether the ‘arcane, unfamiliar and wilfully awkward musical procedures’ in this volume were intended by Bach as a musical riposte to his former pupil, now critic, Scheibe, who in 1737 had accused him of writing in an antiquated mode, rather than in the more tuneful and lyrical gallant style now popular. So what kind of performance does this collection require?

Farr opts for a varied set of performances, using some ingenious registrations. In Jesus Christus unser Heiland  (BWV 688) for example, Farr uses the Rückpositiv 8’ & 4’flutes, and then the Hauptwerk Vox Humana in the left hand to great effect, but it is drawn with both the 8’ Octave and Hohlflöte as well as the 4’ Spitzflöte; in the pedal are also the two 8’ flues coupled to the Swell 4’ Principal and 8’ Trompete. Farr’s articulation is excellent, but I wonder about the thickening effect of his constant use of multiple 8’ ranks. By contrast, the manualiter preludes BWV 685 & 803 are delightfully played, each on just a 4’ flute, and 804 follows on the recovered Smith 8’ Principal on the Rückpositiv: the clarity of these registrations and the elegance of Farr’s fingerwork is a delight. But somehow the organ doesn’t really sparkle: the pedal in particular is often a bit indistinct, and although performances are excellently played, it sounds a bit dull to me – are they recorded from too far away? As well as details of the Metzler organ, Farr gives the precise registration for each piece – a bit of good practice that most recordings on historic instruments in Holland and North Germany seem to provide these days.

Johnstone is a bit more of an early music specialist, and this CD – one of what will be a (yet another!) complete Bach organ works – is presented on an instrument that is almost exactly contemporaneous with the Clavier-Übung III’s date of 1739. The Trondheim organ is Wagner’s only instrument outside Prussia, and took two years to arrive and be assembled. Dismantled in the 1930s in favour of a large Steinmayer organ hidden behind the historic case, some two thirds of the original pipework was discovered stored in the cathedral’s vault and has been carefully restored in the original case by Ahrend. Its registers have rather more individual character than the Metzler: Wagner studied with Christoph Treutmann, a pupil of Arp Schnitger, and was apprenticed to Gottfried Silbermann for several years. Johnstone promises to find and record on equally suitable historic instruments for the rest of his Bach, and having just returned myself from an organ crawl through North Germany and Holland, I look forward to seeing which instruments he chooses for what. But although the details of the Wagner organ, its pitch and temperament are given, we are left to work out his registration as best we may. I hope Johnstone will consider providing this in the future.

Though the instrument is smaller, I find Johnstone’s registration more characterful than Farr’s, and his liner notes have an interesting and provocative reflection on the possible liturgical and theological rationale behind the selection of works in the Clavier-Übung III. Try and listen to both, and the more suave performance of Farr may win you over; but I gained more from Johnstone’s vivid and sparkling performance on an excellently recorded, crystal-clear organ that was new to me. The choice of instrument, how susceptible it is to being recorded with clarity, how well the performer understands the conventions of registration on a historic instrument – all these are vital for successful interpretation, however fine the player.

David Stancliffe

NOTE: At the time of publishing this post, it was impossible to find internet links for James Johnstone’s CDs… we will attempt to rectify this at a later date.

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Recording

Come all ye songsters

Carolyn Sampson, Elizabeth Kenny, Jonathan Manson, Laurence Cummings
77:40
Wigmore Hall Live WHLive0083
Music by Corbetta, Draghi, Purcell, Simpson & anon

[dropcap]O[/dropcap]ne of the problems of live recital CDs is their potential ability to inspire feelings of envy of the audience that was present when you were not. By the time an ecstatic audience comes to show its appreciation of this superb recital, given at the Wigmore Hall in March 2105, I was way into such feelings and longing to join in to express my appreciation. Instead I consoled myself with memories of an unforgettable late night recital Carolyn Sampson gave with countertenor Robin Blaze at the first Göttingen Handel Festival I attended back in 2006.

One of the most compelling features of that event was the ability of the artists to communicate strongly with their audience (and each other) to a rarely attained level. It is that same quality that one senses with the present concert, where it is evident that Sampson and her colleagues very obviously had the audience eating out of their hands. And of course this is hugely important in the vocal items presented here, mostly songs taken from Purcell’s stage works, The Fairy Queen  being particularly favoured. Sampson never lets us for one moment forget that the singers in such pieces were more often than not actor-singers, giving each song its own distinctive character and finding in them a gamut of passions ranging from the plaints of unrequited lovers to dramatic outbursts and wit. ‘Let the dreadful Engines of Eternal Will’, one of the two ‘mad scenes’ from Don Quichotte  included, is a tour de force  in this respect, including aspects of all three. The pastoral evocation in the passage commencing ‘Ah where are now those flow’ry Groves’ leaves unforgettable beguilement in its wake, before the final cynical philosophy carries the scene to its end with deliciously pointed humour, leaving the audience in laughter.

Yet for me one of the most admirable features of Sampson’s singing is that all this emanates from superb vocal acting rather that the exaggerated gestures we sometimes hear in this repertoire. It involves the employment of first-class diction, but equally as importantly a wide range of vocal colour. Just listen, as a single example from many, to the subtle colouring and inflexions on the words ‘kind’ (the line from ‘I see she flies me’, Z573 reads ‘Were she but kind, kind whom I adore’. And just in case you’ve not already succumbed (impossible, I would have thought), one of Sampson’s encores is perhaps the most tear-jerking performance of ‘Fairest isle’ (King Arthur) I’ve ever heard. In short, Carolyn Sampson has here provided a master class that makes the CD obligatory listening by all singers aspiring to sing this repertoire.

The accompaniments are admirably played, with each of Sampson’s distinguished companions also allowed their own spot in the limelight, Laurence Cummings providing a lovely, mellow performance of the Harpsichord Suite No. 5 in C. Jonathan Manson’s bass viol tone is richly lyrical in Draghi’s ‘An Italian Ground’ and Christopher Simpson’s ‘Divisions on a ground, while Elizabeth Kenny plays three pieces from ‘Princess Anne’s lute book’ and a fine Passacaille by Corbetta, all this music appropriate in the context and helping to complete an intelligently designed programme. A predictably exemplary note by Purcell scholar Andrew Pinnock, full documentation and printed texts complete an issue that is in every way deserving of the highest praise.

Brian Robins

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Recording

Worgan: Complete Organ Music

Timothy Roberts (St Botolph’s without Aldgate)
65:26
Toccata Classics TOCC 0332

[dropcap]M[/dropcap]y first introduction to this interesting composer was (rather indirectly) from an organ improvisation in his style on a recent disc of music from Vauxhall Gardens by David Moult and London Early Opera. Now here he is himself, played on the beautifully restored contemporary Renatus Harris organ of St Botolph without Aldgate, an instrumant well known to him and his family.

John Worgan was probably first taught by his elder brother James, but later also had lessons from Thomas Roseingrave and Francisco Geminiani, and the influence of both of the latter, as well as that of Handel (whose organ concerti he is known to have played at Vauxhall Gardens) is to be heard in his music.

The pieces recorded here are (according to Timothy Roberts’ fine sleevenote) a ‘mixed bag’ and he has done an excellent job in linking them into satisfying musical groups. The three opening Pieces, for example, begin in French Ouverture-like dotted rhythm, and move, via a charming fugato with almost Mozartean episodes (echoes of the last movement of one of the Piano Concerto finales!) to a stately triple time with bassoon-like drones. The final three tracks also link well – another grand triple time melody is followed by an allegro with much harmonic and rhythmic quirkiness, and the set (and disc) concludes with a virtuoso allegro with more rustic drones in the middle section.

Timothy Roberts plays with style and taste; he is fortunate in having chosen such a fine and appropriate instrument, which helps bring these works to colourful life.

Alastair Harper

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Recording

‘Where’er you walk’ – Arias for Handel’s favourite tenor

Allan Clayton, Classical Opera, Ian Page
68:59
Signum Records SIGCD457
Music by Arne, Boyce, Handel & J. C. Smith

[dropcap]A[/dropcap]n interesting recital disc – as far as I am aware the first one devoted to music sung by one of Handel’s most favoured English performers, rather than one of his Italian stars.

John Beard was probably born around 1715, and David Vicker’s exemplary notes suggest that he may have sung as a treble in the famous Coronation service of 1727, when Handel’s great set of Anthems were first heard. His adult career began with the part of Silvio in the 1734 revival of Il Pastor Fido; he was to be Handel’s principal tenor for the rest of the latter’s life, creating the eponymous roles of Samson, Judas Maccabaeus and Jephtha, as well as a host of others. He was clearly a singer of much distinction and dramatic ability, as Allan Clayton ably demonstrates here, equally at home in the smooth bel canto of ‘Tune Your Harps’ from Esther and the Italianate coloratura of ‘Vedi l’ape’ from Berenice, as well as the deeply moving ‘Thus when the sun’ from Samson  or Jephtha’s bleakly tragic ‘Hide thou thy hated beams’ and sublime ‘Waft her angels’.

He is joined by the mellifluous Mary Bevan in the lovely ‘As steals the morn’ from L’Allegro, and by the fine Choir of Classical Opera in ‘Happy pair’ from Alexander’s Feast.
As well as singing for Handel, Beard was employed by many of his musical contemporaries – we are treated to some lovely Boyce (his exquisite bassoon-tinted ‘Softly rise, O Southern breeze’ from Solomon), rousing J.C. Smith (‘Hark how the hounds and horn’ from The Fairies) and galant Arne (‘Thou, like the glorious sun’ from Artaxerxes)

The Orchestra of Classical Opera, under the able baton of Ian Page, provide lively and colourful accompaniments; they shine especially in the magically-hushed ‘moonrise’ sinfonia from Act 2 of Ariodante.

No reason to hesitate, really!

Alastair Harper

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Recording

Helper and Protector – Italian Maestri in Poland

The Sixteen, Eamonn Dougan
67:32
CORO COR16141
Music by Bertolusi, Marenzio & Pacelli

[dropcap]T[/dropcap]he big name here is Luca Marenzio, whose recently reassembled Missa super Iniquos odio habui  provides a spine through this interesting programme. The Sixteen’s associate conductor Eamonn Dougan opens with music by less familiar composers, and specifically a powerful three-choir setting of Gaudent in Caelis  by Asprilio Pacelli, underlining the fact that here is an unfamiliar repertoire well worth exploring.

The same composer’s polychoral Beati estis  is also extremely fine. Marenzio’s two-choir Mass based on his own dramatic eight-part madrigal of the same name is also no slouch. Previously known only from the Kyrie and Gloria, the recent rediscovery of the rest of the Mass is genuine cause for celebration. Clearly the court of the Kings of Poland was a true magnet for the best of European musical talent, and although Marenzio’s visit to Poland was brief, he was clearly dropping in on a very lively and rich musical scene. It is always interesting to listen for changes in the sound produced by an established ensemble, and in the past I have had my doubts about some of the developments in the vocal production of the Sixteen. Under the direction of Dougan, and this is the fourth in a series of recordings he has directed, the vocal sound seems to have refocused and acquired a pleasing edge, which suits perfectly this busy polychoral repertoire.

D. James Ross

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Recording

Pergolesi: Stabat mater

Silvia Frigato soprano, Sara Mingardo alto, Accademia degli Astrusi, Federico Ferri
63:53
Concerto Classics The Magic Of Live 05
+ Vivaldi: Nisi Dominus RV608, Concerto RV169

[dropcap]T[/dropcap]hese live concert recordings of two great vocal works by Pergolesi and Vivaldi separated by the latter’s brief Sinfonia ‘Al Santo Sepulcro’ are showcases for the two eminent Italian vocalists Silvia Frigato and Sara Mingardo, whose powerful performances carry the day. They are ably supported by one of the increasing number of excellent Italian period instrument ensembles, the Accademia degli Astrusi, whose neat and sympathetic playing avoids the voices being swamped in the cavernous acoustic of Santa Maria della Vita in Bologna. The CD opens with a generous burst of applause which usefully intimates that this is a concert, and indeed there are various rustlings, coughings and shufflings throughout, which however didn’t distract me too much from these fine performances. The tortured faces of statues from the concert venue which adron the packaging are in perfect concord with the visceral music of the programme, and there is a helpful programme note by Francesco Lora, which only suffers a little from the latest fashion of skimping on professional translation fees. To my mind these recordings capture how these works might very well have sounded in their composers’ lifetimes, full of the drama of live performance and playing out to large and less than reverentially silent public gatherings.

D. James Ross

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Recording

The Soldier’s Return – Guitar works inspired by Scotland

James Akers romantic guitar
61:00
resonus RES10165
Music by Giuliani, Legnani, Mertz & Sor

[dropcap]A[/dropcap]s lecturer in early plucked strings at the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland, James Akers has put together an intriguing programme of romantic guitar music inspired by the traditional music and landscapes of Scotland. In the wake of the vogue for all things Scottish which followed the publication of James MacPherson’s Ossian material, composers throughout Europe tried their hands at Scottish (or perhaps Scot-‘ish’) music, and Akers’ programme includes music by the Italian-born guitarist Mauro Giuliani, Italian opera devotee and guitar virtuoso Luigi Legnani, Spaniard Fernando Sor, and the German guitar virtuoso Johann Mertz. While the latter attempted like his compatriot Mendelssohn to recreate the Scottish landscape, and more specifically Fingal’s Cave, in music, the others wrote pieces in imitation of or variations upon Scottish airs. Employing a period guitar and two modern reconstructions, Aker’s employs his own considerable virtuosity to bring this neglected seam of music to vivid life, and he certainly captures the enthusiasm these composer’s poured into their subjects as well as hinting at the stunning techniques they must all have demonstrated as players. The warm tone of the authentic instruments is a further factor in the success of this CD. Just occasionally I feel that Akers doesn’t fully trust the resonance of his instruments, moving on too soon from some chords in the slower pieces when I would have liked him to linger just a little, but generally speaking this is a revelatory and engaging CD of music which is nowadays almost entirely unfamiliar. Akers’ erudite and wide-ranging programme notes are a real bonus.

D. James Ross

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Recording

Comes: O pretiosum

Music for the Blessed Sacrament
amystis, José Duce Chenoll
61:58
Brilliant Classics 95231

[dropcap]A[/dropcap] workmanlike issue of some fine and little-known music, including several recording “firsts”.

Juan Bautista Comes (1582-1643) spent most of his working life in Valencia, as the master of music at the Cathedral and assistant at El Patriarca, the Corpus Christi School and Chapel. His music provides a fascinating link between the Spanish late Renaissance style of Vivanco or Guerrero and the distinctive Baroque of Valls or Cabanilles.

The Blessed Sacrament was particularly venerated in Valencia at this time, and the music recorded here reflects this, with both Latin motets and vernacular villancicos celebrating the Eucharist, in double- and triple-choir music of great stateliness and splendour.

The opening (and eponymous) ‘O Pretiosum’, for eight voices gives a good idea of Comes’ style – I particularly enjoyed the luscious rising chromatic phrases on ‘Pretiosus’ and the extended and satisfyingly contrapuntal final ‘Verus Deus’. The next motet, ‘Quid hoc Sacramento Mirabilius’ also concludes in fine style with a splendidly complex final ‘integer perseverat’, the rigorously worked counterpoint pushing the music firmly into some daringly Baroque harmonies.

Several of the villancicos add lively rhythmic spice to the rich contrapuntal brew – with exciting calls of ‘Basta, Basta Senor’ in the refrain of track 10, ‘A la sombra estais’, for example. ‘Del cielo es esta pan’ (track 7) in contrast, is gentle and reflective, with its haunting concluding ‘dilin, dilin dilin repican’.

Amystis are worthy exponents of this glorious music, negotiating its considerable complexity with aplomb. The motets are accompanied by dulcian, harp and organ, with some discreet wind doubling. The instrumentalists are given more independence in the villancicos, with some vocal substitutions and improvised preludes and interludes.

The acoustic (of the Royal Monastery of San Michael of Lliria, Valencia) is a little dry, but allows the polyphony space to shine.

Alastair Harper

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Recording

Galilei: The Well-Tempered Lute

Žak Ozmo
63:03
Hyperion CDA68017

[dropcap]V[/dropcap]incenzo Galilei (c.1520-1591), father of the famous astronomer, was a remarkable musician. As a member of the Florentine Camerata, he contributed to the evolution of opera, and to the transition from renaissance polyphonic compositions to the new baroque style with elaborate melodies supported by simple chords. He was also one of the first to advocate a system of equal temperament. His Libro d’Intavolatura di Liuto  is a manuscript dated 1584, which was intended for publication, but was never published. It is kept at the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze, as Fondo Anteriori a Galileo 6. A facsimile edition has been published by SPES. The first part of the book contains passamezzi antichi, romanesche and saltarelli, in all twelve minor keys; the second part has passamezzi moderni and romanesche pairs in all twelve major keys, with cross references to saltarelli in the first part. Galilei is clearly making a theoretical point about equal temperament, but in practice there seems little sense playing in keys like F# major, which cause considerable difficulty for the player, with awkward barré chords, hardly any open strings at all, and consequently a difficulty in sustaining notes for uninterrupted melodic lines.

Žak Ozmo begins with a passamezzo antico, romanesca antica, and saltarello in G minor, followed by a passamezzo moderno and romanesca moderna in G major. These are followed by similar pieces in G#/A flat, A, and A#/B flat – four suites in all, and each with the same basic chord sequences. Ozmo’s aim is presumably to show how Galilei has used these five grounds in different keys, and Ozmo does what he can to overcome the lack of variety: he plays the minor pieces with some rhythmic freedom, and the major ones in a stricter tempo. He has chosen not to include any of the gagliarde or other pieces from the third part of the manuscript, which might at least have added some harmonic variety for easier listening.

Ozmo plays nicely with a pleasing tone, but he does not always play exactly what is in the manuscript. For example, alterations to Passamezzo Primo, the first piece in the book, include: bar 5, a full chord of F major (f a c’ f’) is reduced to an octave (f f’); bar 18, he omits two passing notes which look as if the scribe had added them later as an afterthought; bar 22 he omits the note e’ (fret 2 on 2nd course), leaving the suspension unresolved; bars 43 and 50 he omits g (2 on 4) losing the 4 of a 4-3 suspension; bars 51 and 52 he omits the middle note of the last chord of the bar. Galilei’s music can be frustratingly difficult to play, but one wonders if Ozmo’s constant tweaking to make it easier can be justified. At the start of bar 74 of Saltarello Primo there is an awkward chord of C major (3 on 3, 2 on 4, 4 on 5, 5 on 6) amongst a running passage of quavers. All four left-hand fingers are needed for that chord, so it is impossible to sustain it (ideally to the end of the bar), because two of those fingers are also needed for the following notes (2 on 2, and 4 on 2). Ozmo’s solution is to replace the lowest three notes of the chord with an open string (0 on 5), which is much easier to play, and allows the bass c to ring on to the end of the bar.

After so much G minor, it is a pleasant relief to hear Passamezzo moderno in G major. (For this, think Quadro Pavan.) Ozmo chooses the second set of variations (pp. 135-7), playing three out of four of them. Perhaps unhappy with the prosaic ending to the third variation, he replaces its last four bars with the last four bars of the fourth variation, but why not play all four variations complete?

The start of Track 6 comes as a shock: A flat minor after so much G minor and G major, and bizarre chords in bars 44 and 76. In bar 111 Ozmo overlooks a quaver rhythm sign, and so plays 16 quavers as crotchets. In Track 6 he omits quavers in bars 18 and 38, and crotchets in bars 45 and 46.

In spite of my criticisms, Ozmo is to be congratulated on bringing this important manuscript to life, and finding ways to make the music attractive. There is much to enjoy, for example Passamezzo moderno in A, which bounces along gently with well-shaped phrases.

Stewart McCoy

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Categories
Recording

Mozart: Piano Trios, KV 502, 542, 564

Rautio Piano Trio
57:11
Resonus RES10168

[dropcap]R[/dropcap]arely does a disc come along that unexpectedly brings so much pleasure as this one; I confess that I was non-plussed (at best) when it fell from the envelope and I saw the repertoire (a staple of the chamber music club I used to have to attend on behalf of the local newspaper) but from the opening notes, I just knew it was a total winner. The balance between the three instruments is beautifully handled (the cello only sometiems emerges from its bass line duties), and the gorgeous tone Jane Gordon gets especially from the upper reaches of her violin is absolutely to die for. The three works on the disc only last just under an hour, but what an hour! According to the booklet note, the Rautio Piano Trio also play modern repertoire on suitable instruments, so they are clearly a force to be reckoned with. I hope they and Resonus will continue to explore period performances of some less well-known pieces for the line-up, too – fabulous recordings, magical performances.

Brian Clark

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