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Recording

De Grudenz: Fifteenth-century music from Central Europe

La Morra, Corina Marti & Michael Gondko
64:54
Glossa GCD922515

[dropcap]T[/dropcap]he rediscovery of an entirely obscure 15th-century composer of the greatest merit is a rare event, but this is undoubtedly what eastern European musicology has achieved in the unearthing of the music of the Pomeranian composer Petrus Wilhelm de Grudenz. A contemporary of Du Fay and associated now with some forty composition, on the evidence of the music recorded here, Grudenz’s is a talent to be reckoned with and one which in the fullness of time may prove to deserve the same elevated status as the likes of Du Fay, Binchois and Ockeghem. Belonging very much to the mainstream of 15th-century polyphony, Grudenz seems nonetheless to demonstrate certain individual compositional traits such as a penchant for catchy syncopations and occasionally unconventional harmonic progressions which may be an individual or a regional inflexion.

In bringing us a cross-section of Grudenz’s music, La Morra, working under the auspices of the Schola Cantrum Basiliensis, have set it in a context of other eastern European music of the period by other unknowns such as Nicolaus de Radom and Othmarus Opilionis de Jawor, while at the same time pointing out that the Eastern European convention at this time of encrypting the composer’s name or leaving it out altogether means that the anonymous works on the CD may also be by Grudenz, or may conceal further composers of considerable merit. The performances by the voices and instruments of La Morra are elegantly understated but beautifully poised, allowing this wonderfully crafted music to speak for itself. As Howard Weiner’s excellent programme note points out, perhaps the true value of this unexpected discovery is to challenge our perception of musical development as relying on ‘centres of excellence’ with diminishing peripheries, as opposed to a model encompassing a widely disseminated language with local inflexions and local practitioners with something valuable to add.

D. James Ross

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Recording

Jacques le Polonois: Pièces de Luth

Paul Kieffer
67:13
Ævitas Æ-12157

[dropcap]J[/dropcap]acques le Polonois (c. 1545-55 – c. 1605), otherwise known as Jakub Polak or Jacob Reys, was born in Poland, and moved to Paris probably in 1574, where he became one of the most outstanding lutenists of his generation. According to Henri Sauval in his Histoire… de Paris, Jacob Reys attached no importance to money and drank heavily, which apparently helped him play. Interestingly, Sauval describes Jacob’s playing technique: “he hardly raised his fingers and seemed to have them glued to the lute.” I take this to mean that Jacob probably played with a thumb-outside technique, as does Paul Kieffer for this recording. A modern edition of Jacob’s music is available: Jakub Polak (Jacob Polonois), Utwory Zebrane Oeuvres Collected Works, ed. Piotr Pozniak (Kraków: Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne, 1993). His music is distinctly French in character, and foreshadows the development of lute music in France in the 17th century, in particular the style brisé.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRvP8BdwM5k

The CD gets off to a good start with Prelude Polonois (Pozniak XI) from Lord Herbert of Cherbury’s manuscript. Kieffer plays it twice, adding a few graces here and there, and playing with a delicate touch, which I find subtly expressive. The tonality of Gall[iard] Polonois (track 2) reminds me of the lute music of Robert Ballard (c. 1572-5 – after 1650). I like Kieffer’s interpretation, with added graces and his own tasteful divisions for repeats. The similarity with Ballard becomes a reality in track 3, the first half of which is a Courante by Ballard, and the second half by Jacob. In Volte (track 4) Jacob creates contrasts of timbre with a wide range of melodic notes – down to the 6th course in bar 24, and then up to the 8th fret of the 1st course a couple of bars later. In bar 40 he switches octaves after a passage of descending thirds, to have the unexpected bright sound of a high b’ natural. The piece ends with a hemiola, a device Jacob often uses. His setting of Susanne un Jour (not based on the familiar setting by Lassus) is a nice piece of polyphony, with a section where a slow-moving melody is accompanied by flowing quavers below. One pleasing aspect of Kieffer’s playing is not to spread or roll chords excessively. He uses them here and there for a special effect, e.g. in bars 21-4 of a prelude (track 6) for some chords high up the neck, but generally he plucks notes neatly together, which enables polyphonic lines to come through clearly. Puzzlingly he makes what I think are unnecessary changes in the Fantasia (track 8) from 21v of Besard’s Thesaurus Harmonicus  (1603), simplifying fast notes at cadences. Jacob’s music is more akin to 17th-century French lute music as far as his choice of flat keys is concerned. Prelude Jacob (track 9) is flat enough in A flat major, but Fantasie Jacob (track 10) is in the extraordinary key of A flat minor – the transcription has a key signature of seven flats. In contrast to the many preludes and fantasies, there is a lively Sarabande, played with panache, and which literally gave my spine a tingle. According to the play list, 18 of the 28 tracks are premiere recordings. Kieffer plays an 8-course lute by Grant Tomlinson, strung in gut, and with the lowest two courses retuned where necessary.

Stewart McCoy

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Recording

Josquin: Masses Di Dadi, Une mousse de Biscaye

The Tallis Scholars, Peter Phillips
71:13
Gimell CDGIM 048

[dropcap]A[/dropcap]nother winner! This latest Josquin offering from the Tallis Scholars brings together two of the early masses. The opening Missa Di Dadi  is particularly interesting, both for its use of gaming symbols in the notation of the tenor cantus firmus (though, fascinatingly, these disappear after the ‘Pleni sunt caeli’, possibly reflecting the concomitant Elevation of the Host) and for its echoes of the late, great Missa Pange Lingua  – for example, at the end of the Gloria, with its typically Josquinian close-wrought driving sequential ostinati.

The Missa ‘Une mousse de Biscaye’ (mousse being not culinary, but derived from the Castilian ‘Moza’ for girl) is more loosely structured, but no less musically satisfying.
Performances are, as usual, meticulously crafted. Tempi are relatively relaxed, allowing the music’s textural complexities full breathing space. Tuning, ensemble and overall shaping are as good as it gets.

The accompanying notes are models of scholarly precision; a generous bonus is the inclusion of the complete score of the Missa Di Dadi  as a PDF download, ideal for following and revelling in Josquin’s compositional genius.

Highly recommended!

Alastair Harper

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Recording

Byrd: Pescodd Time

Bertrand Cuillier harpsichord & virginal
58:58
Alpha 319

[dropcap]T[/dropcap]his remains one of the finest recordings of keyboard music by Byrd – and his contemporaries – released during the twenty-first century. I owned its first issue from 2005, purchased at a wonderful shop in Carlisle called Bookcase: classical CDs + antiquarian books = perfection. So it was appropriate to have bought there a disc reflective of the shop, which is still trading. The upheaval of a removal from northern Scotland to eastern England meant that M. Cuiller’s disc left my possession, but I am delighted, not only to own it again, but to be reviewing it for the final hurrah of this ornament among early music periodicals.

Besides the clean playing, sensitive choice of instrument for each piece, and judicious tempi, another of the fine features of this recording is the excellent selection of repertory. Weightier pieces alternate with lighter ones, so that after the initial Fantasia  in d, with its echoes of the Salve Regina chant, M. Cuiller moves to The queen’s alman  before involving Bull, the first of the two composers other than Byrd who are each allowed two pieces, and his magnificent In nomine  MB9 which manages to be both experimental and retrospective. Given a disc of such high quality it is perhaps invidious to select one piece as a highlight, but Byrd’s sublime Pavan and Galliard  BK16/T 511 would be my lone “desert island” choice from the recording – the aching delicacy of the first strain in the pavan and the ageless theme opening the galliard enhance this or any other repertory. The three catchy French Corantos  lead us to the monumental solemnity of the Dolorosa Pavan and Galliard  by Philips, like Bull a pupil of Byrd. Both of the next two pieces, the Ground  BK9/ T 474 and the title track, encapsulate the disc within their own bounds, beginning soberly then accelerating into activity, the latter exhibiting even more variety in alternating animated and calm passages before a dignified close. Like the BK16/T 511 pairing, Lady Monteagle’s Pavan  is one of Byrd’s less noticed pieces in the genre, but illustrates that all of Byrd’s pavans possess their own unique sound-worlds and individual moments, this one being the third strain, a sudden heart-stopping theme resembling a folksong which nonetheless evolves naturally from what has gone before. Further clever programming brings the Fantasia  BK62/T 456 based on a theme subsequently used in one of his fantasias by Philips. M. Cuiller is at his best here, bringing out all the melodic, harmonic and temporal variety in Byrd’s virtuosic writing wherein, towards the conclusion, ideas positively gush forth and almost fall over one another. Then, after the boisterousness of The King’s Hunt  by John Bull – perhaps the Boris Johnson of the English virginalists – the disc closes with the exquisite Pavan  BK23a/T 512 in B flat, bringing this classic recording to a calm, dignified, profound and fulfilling close.

To confirm that I have retained the reviewer’s critical faculties, I would observe that the booklet could be more informative about the individual pieces. And it is a shame not to have the Galliard  BK23b/T 512 – perhaps M. Cuiller found in the Pavan  his ideal conclusion… but wait – there is an uncredited encore! Right at the end, after a prolonged pause, he adds an anonymous Toy  which is no 268 in the second printed volume of the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book… so no need for a galliard!

Richard Turbet

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Straight from the heart

The Chansonnier Cordiforme
Ensemble Leones, Marc Lewon
70:20
Naxos 8.573325

[dropcap]W[/dropcap]ith its neatly punning title this collection of songs from the exquisite heart-shaped Chansonnier Cordiforme  provides a fine cross-section of the 43 songs in the original plus a couple of decorated versions by Tinctoris from out with the book. Notwithstanding its elegant appearance, the Chansonnier  is a surprisingly sloppy piece of work, with frequent errors in the Italian texts of several songs, but it is a valuable source of some very fine polyphonic songs by Dufay, van Ghizeghem, Binchois and Ockeghem, although the bulk of the songs recorded here are anonymous. The performers sensibly take a pragmatic approach to the heated debate as to precisely how these pieces were performed and use a mixture of voices and instruments, with occasional a cappella renditions. I have some slight reservations about the top female alto voice of Els Janssens-Vanmunster which has a generally fine opaque quality which suits this music, but which has a weak area lower down where it can be a little shaky. With this one tiny reservation I have to say that I loved these accounts, which are both musically expressive and eloquent in an unhurried way. Although the Chansonnier  was probably employed in a acoustically dead domestic setting, the acoustic of the Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche, Binningen provides just the right resonance for full enjoyment of this lovely music.

D. James Ross

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Gesualdo: Terzo Libro di Madrigali a cinque voci

La Compagnia del Madrigale
63:31
Glossa GCD922806

[dropcap]I[/dropcap]t is interesting to compare this CD of five-part madrigals by Gesualdo sung by an Italian ensemble with the English Marian Consort’s account of Gesualdo’s five-part sacred music. Both ensembles sing one to a part and enjoy an impressive perfection of balance, ensemble and intonation. The Italian sound however is much more ‘fronty’ and brash, particularly noticeable in the tenor and soprano singing, and the individual voices much more prominent in the overall texture. Perhaps this is particularly the case as the Italians are singing secular music and the English sacred music, but the slightly edgy almost reedy sound would I think be equally effective in Gesualdo’s church music. One feature which I hadn’t noticed hitherto in the Compagnia del Madrigale’s performances, is a slight tendency to wobble in the soprano part when there is a dramatic decrescendo, almost as if the vocal production is stalling. This is a shame, and if – as I suspect – it is an affectation, I don’t like it. I am sure that singing in their native language gives the Compagnia del Madrigale an edge with this highly expressive repertoire, and of all the many ensembles recording Italian madrigals at the moment they are undoubtedly one of the most exciting.

D. James Ross

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Recording

Gesualdo: Sacrae Cantiones

The Marian Consort, Rory McCleery
60:55
Delphian DCD34176

[dropcap]F[/dropcap]rom Emma Walsh’s exquisite opening phrase to Ave Regina caelorum  which seems to descend from heaven itself this CD is an absolute delight and a masterclass in one-to-a-part singing. Gesualdo’s Sacrae Cantiones  for five voices book 1 of 1603 contains some of his most sublime compositions, quirky and original in style but without the tortured harmonic progressions and off-the-wall phrases of some of his other compositions. The effortlessly polished singing of the Marian Consort makes them the ideal advocates of this repertoire, and their perfectly contoured and beautifully balanced ensemble sound is captured in crystal-clear quality by the Delphian engineers. Anybody who is in doubt about Gesualdo’s skill as a composer will be persuaded by these understated but perfect accounts, and at the same time will be impressed by the passion which the singers manage to invest in their performances without resorting to rawness or roughness of any kind. A complete delight.

D. James Ross

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The Sun Most Radiant

Music from The Eton Choirbook Vol. 4
The Choir of Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, Stephen Darlington
68:42
Avie AV 2359
John Browne Salve regina I & II
Horwood Gaude flore virginali
Stratford Magnificat

[dropcap]T[/dropcap]he fourth volume in the Avie’s superb exploration of the Eton Choirbook brings us two superb Salve Reginas by John Browne, the Magnificat  by William, Monk of Stratford and William Horwood’s Gaude flore virginali. Again and again I was stuck by Stephen Darlington’s affinity with this music: his instinctive choice of effective tempi, his effortless transitions from section to section and his masterly overview of these largescale works. Impressive too, as in the previous volumes, is the ability of his singers to transition effortlessly from tutti to solo singers and back again. A cathedral choir is an entity which like a vintage wine changes flavour over time,  and one factor in this is the unpredictable boy treble section. Some listeners to Browne’s first Salve Regina  may feel that the solo and tutti boy treble sound is not quite as sweet as on the choir’s previous recordings in the series, but to my mind this is just an aspect of the natural evolution of any choir’s sound. The more familiar of the two Browne Salve reginas is for the standard five-part ‘Eton’ choir and the Oxford choristers rise well to its challenges. The other setting, remarkably receiving its premiere recording here,  is set for TTTBarB and also proves to be a stunning masterpiece, muscular and dynamic. The Monk of Stratford’s Magnificat  is also for adult male voices, and it too allows the remarkable lower voices of the choir to shine. William Horwood’s SATTB setting of Gaude flore virginali, also receiving its premiere recording, proves to be a work of profound inspiration and invention. To my ear the treble contribution here sounds more mellow too. It is remarkable to think that music of such superlative quality is still being rediscovered, and full congratulations are due to Avie and to Stephen Darlington and his choir for their ongoing project.

D. James Ross

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Sweet Melancholy

Works for viol consort from Byrd to Purcell
cellini consort
59:13
Coviello Classics COV 91604

[dropcap]F[/dropcap]or an apparently restricted genre, the English viol consort enjoyed a surprisingly long life. From its first stirrings in the 1520s until Purcell’s final homage to this highly refined and cultivated genre in his great 3 and 4-part Fantazias, the viol consort remained at both court and country the chamber music-form par excellence in England.

The present disc gives a survey of this repertoire for two- and three-part consort across most of the period it was at its highest point. Superficially music for viol consort developed relatively little throughout its long history. We find the same equality of parts exploring an often dense labyrinth of counterpoint that obviously owes its genesis to the great tradition of vocal polyphony. Yet as the two opening and cleverly juxtaposed items on the CD clearly demonstrate there is world of difference between the gravely dignified Fantasia of Thomas Lupo (1571-1627) – a piece that might well qualify under the disc’s ‘Sweet Melancholy’ rubric – and the first of Purcell’s 3-part Fantazias. There, although the emphasis on contrapuntal complexity remains fundamentally unchanged, the textures are more open, with contrasted sections that owe their place to 17th century Italian influences on the form.

Although the discs title might serve as a catchy handle, it also implies a restriction of mood that is not borne out by the repertoire included. Take, for example, the first of three fantasias by Orlando Gibbons, a piece that employs brief, almost fragmentary motifs to create a dynamic thrust that hints at the restless impetuosity of William Lawes. Consider, too, the music of Matthew Locke, given a more generous share than anyone. The first of a pair of 2-part Fantasias finds Locke exploiting chromaticism to disquieting effect, while the second owns to the new expressivity imported from Italy.

The performances by the Swiss-based Cellini Consort are exceptionally accomplished, give or take the occasional rough edge, with richly expressive and musical playing from its three members, all of whom apparently play both treble and bass viol on the disc. The disc might indeed well qualify as a fine introduction to the repertoire, though it should be remembered that much its greatest music was composed for larger consorts.

Brian Robins

Brian Robins

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Categories
Recording

Morales: The Seven Lamentations

Utopia Belgian handmade polyphony
TT
Et’cetera KTC 1538

[dropcap]A[/dropcap]n uncommonly interesting issue; the first, as far as I am aware, to bring all Morales’ surviving lamentations together on one disc.

The complex musicological issues surrounding their recent publication are discussed in Eugeen Schreurs’ scholarly sleeve notes; further detail can be found in Cristobal de Morales, Sources, Influences, Reception, edited by Owen Rees and Bernadette Nelson (Boydell Press 2007) and in Michael Noone’s excellent notes to Ensemble Plus Ultra’s disc Morales en Toledo  (Glossa GCD 922001, 2005). The story behind Noone’s discovery and reconstruction of the first Lamentation (track 9 on this recording) is particularly notable, involving the collation of a poorly preserved (and modified to suit later liturgical changes from the Toledan to the Roman rite) manuscript of Morales’ time from Toledo Cathedral, a copy in Puebla Cathedral in Mexico and a contemporary lute and voice intabulation by Miguel de Fuenllana.

Performances are exemplary; Utopia perform with crystalline clarity, bringing Morales’ austere and sublimely beautiful polyphony to darkly glowing life. They have taken the sensible decision to structure their programme on purely musical, rather than liturgically correct, grounds, and include a couple of appropriate pieces of Toledan plainchant, elsewhere discernable as cantus firmus material, which helps to place the polyphony in its musical context.

The notes are well-written, but I would have liked a little more detail on the individual pieces (e. g., vocal scoring, cantus firmus usage, provenance); they are sometimes also confusing in referring to the Lamentations by their liturgical placing, rather than by the order in which they are sung on the recording.

No matter – the music and the performances are what count here, and both are absolutely first class. I particularly enjoyed Morales’ kaleidoscopically varied settings of the Hebrew initial letters which introduce each verse of the Lamentations. In short, this is a lovely disc.

Alastair Harper

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