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Recording

Byrd: Pescodd Time

Bertrand Cuillier harpsichord & virginal
58:58
Alpha 319

[dropcap]T[/dropcap]his remains one of the finest recordings of keyboard music by Byrd – and his contemporaries – released during the twenty-first century. I owned its first issue from 2005, purchased at a wonderful shop in Carlisle called Bookcase: classical CDs + antiquarian books = perfection. So it was appropriate to have bought there a disc reflective of the shop, which is still trading. The upheaval of a removal from northern Scotland to eastern England meant that M. Cuiller’s disc left my possession, but I am delighted, not only to own it again, but to be reviewing it for the final hurrah of this ornament among early music periodicals.

Besides the clean playing, sensitive choice of instrument for each piece, and judicious tempi, another of the fine features of this recording is the excellent selection of repertory. Weightier pieces alternate with lighter ones, so that after the initial Fantasia  in d, with its echoes of the Salve Regina chant, M. Cuiller moves to The queen’s alman  before involving Bull, the first of the two composers other than Byrd who are each allowed two pieces, and his magnificent In nomine  MB9 which manages to be both experimental and retrospective. Given a disc of such high quality it is perhaps invidious to select one piece as a highlight, but Byrd’s sublime Pavan and Galliard  BK16/T 511 would be my lone “desert island” choice from the recording – the aching delicacy of the first strain in the pavan and the ageless theme opening the galliard enhance this or any other repertory. The three catchy French Corantos  lead us to the monumental solemnity of the Dolorosa Pavan and Galliard  by Philips, like Bull a pupil of Byrd. Both of the next two pieces, the Ground  BK9/ T 474 and the title track, encapsulate the disc within their own bounds, beginning soberly then accelerating into activity, the latter exhibiting even more variety in alternating animated and calm passages before a dignified close. Like the BK16/T 511 pairing, Lady Monteagle’s Pavan  is one of Byrd’s less noticed pieces in the genre, but illustrates that all of Byrd’s pavans possess their own unique sound-worlds and individual moments, this one being the third strain, a sudden heart-stopping theme resembling a folksong which nonetheless evolves naturally from what has gone before. Further clever programming brings the Fantasia  BK62/T 456 based on a theme subsequently used in one of his fantasias by Philips. M. Cuiller is at his best here, bringing out all the melodic, harmonic and temporal variety in Byrd’s virtuosic writing wherein, towards the conclusion, ideas positively gush forth and almost fall over one another. Then, after the boisterousness of The King’s Hunt  by John Bull – perhaps the Boris Johnson of the English virginalists – the disc closes with the exquisite Pavan  BK23a/T 512 in B flat, bringing this classic recording to a calm, dignified, profound and fulfilling close.

To confirm that I have retained the reviewer’s critical faculties, I would observe that the booklet could be more informative about the individual pieces. And it is a shame not to have the Galliard  BK23b/T 512 – perhaps M. Cuiller found in the Pavan  his ideal conclusion… but wait – there is an uncredited encore! Right at the end, after a prolonged pause, he adds an anonymous Toy  which is no 268 in the second printed volume of the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book… so no need for a galliard!

Richard Turbet

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Straight from the heart

The Chansonnier Cordiforme
Ensemble Leones, Marc Lewon
70:20
Naxos 8.573325

[dropcap]W[/dropcap]ith its neatly punning title this collection of songs from the exquisite heart-shaped Chansonnier Cordiforme  provides a fine cross-section of the 43 songs in the original plus a couple of decorated versions by Tinctoris from out with the book. Notwithstanding its elegant appearance, the Chansonnier  is a surprisingly sloppy piece of work, with frequent errors in the Italian texts of several songs, but it is a valuable source of some very fine polyphonic songs by Dufay, van Ghizeghem, Binchois and Ockeghem, although the bulk of the songs recorded here are anonymous. The performers sensibly take a pragmatic approach to the heated debate as to precisely how these pieces were performed and use a mixture of voices and instruments, with occasional a cappella renditions. I have some slight reservations about the top female alto voice of Els Janssens-Vanmunster which has a generally fine opaque quality which suits this music, but which has a weak area lower down where it can be a little shaky. With this one tiny reservation I have to say that I loved these accounts, which are both musically expressive and eloquent in an unhurried way. Although the Chansonnier  was probably employed in a acoustically dead domestic setting, the acoustic of the Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche, Binningen provides just the right resonance for full enjoyment of this lovely music.

D. James Ross

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Recording

Gesualdo: Terzo Libro di Madrigali a cinque voci

La Compagnia del Madrigale
63:31
Glossa GCD922806

[dropcap]I[/dropcap]t is interesting to compare this CD of five-part madrigals by Gesualdo sung by an Italian ensemble with the English Marian Consort’s account of Gesualdo’s five-part sacred music. Both ensembles sing one to a part and enjoy an impressive perfection of balance, ensemble and intonation. The Italian sound however is much more ‘fronty’ and brash, particularly noticeable in the tenor and soprano singing, and the individual voices much more prominent in the overall texture. Perhaps this is particularly the case as the Italians are singing secular music and the English sacred music, but the slightly edgy almost reedy sound would I think be equally effective in Gesualdo’s church music. One feature which I hadn’t noticed hitherto in the Compagnia del Madrigale’s performances, is a slight tendency to wobble in the soprano part when there is a dramatic decrescendo, almost as if the vocal production is stalling. This is a shame, and if – as I suspect – it is an affectation, I don’t like it. I am sure that singing in their native language gives the Compagnia del Madrigale an edge with this highly expressive repertoire, and of all the many ensembles recording Italian madrigals at the moment they are undoubtedly one of the most exciting.

D. James Ross

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Recording

Gesualdo: Sacrae Cantiones

The Marian Consort, Rory McCleery
60:55
Delphian DCD34176

[dropcap]F[/dropcap]rom Emma Walsh’s exquisite opening phrase to Ave Regina caelorum  which seems to descend from heaven itself this CD is an absolute delight and a masterclass in one-to-a-part singing. Gesualdo’s Sacrae Cantiones  for five voices book 1 of 1603 contains some of his most sublime compositions, quirky and original in style but without the tortured harmonic progressions and off-the-wall phrases of some of his other compositions. The effortlessly polished singing of the Marian Consort makes them the ideal advocates of this repertoire, and their perfectly contoured and beautifully balanced ensemble sound is captured in crystal-clear quality by the Delphian engineers. Anybody who is in doubt about Gesualdo’s skill as a composer will be persuaded by these understated but perfect accounts, and at the same time will be impressed by the passion which the singers manage to invest in their performances without resorting to rawness or roughness of any kind. A complete delight.

D. James Ross

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Recording

The Sun Most Radiant

Music from The Eton Choirbook Vol. 4
The Choir of Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, Stephen Darlington
68:42
Avie AV 2359
John Browne Salve regina I & II
Horwood Gaude flore virginali
Stratford Magnificat

[dropcap]T[/dropcap]he fourth volume in the Avie’s superb exploration of the Eton Choirbook brings us two superb Salve Reginas by John Browne, the Magnificat  by William, Monk of Stratford and William Horwood’s Gaude flore virginali. Again and again I was stuck by Stephen Darlington’s affinity with this music: his instinctive choice of effective tempi, his effortless transitions from section to section and his masterly overview of these largescale works. Impressive too, as in the previous volumes, is the ability of his singers to transition effortlessly from tutti to solo singers and back again. A cathedral choir is an entity which like a vintage wine changes flavour over time,  and one factor in this is the unpredictable boy treble section. Some listeners to Browne’s first Salve Regina  may feel that the solo and tutti boy treble sound is not quite as sweet as on the choir’s previous recordings in the series, but to my mind this is just an aspect of the natural evolution of any choir’s sound. The more familiar of the two Browne Salve reginas is for the standard five-part ‘Eton’ choir and the Oxford choristers rise well to its challenges. The other setting, remarkably receiving its premiere recording here,  is set for TTTBarB and also proves to be a stunning masterpiece, muscular and dynamic. The Monk of Stratford’s Magnificat  is also for adult male voices, and it too allows the remarkable lower voices of the choir to shine. William Horwood’s SATTB setting of Gaude flore virginali, also receiving its premiere recording, proves to be a work of profound inspiration and invention. To my ear the treble contribution here sounds more mellow too. It is remarkable to think that music of such superlative quality is still being rediscovered, and full congratulations are due to Avie and to Stephen Darlington and his choir for their ongoing project.

D. James Ross

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Recording

Sweet Melancholy

Works for viol consort from Byrd to Purcell
cellini consort
59:13
Coviello Classics COV 91604

[dropcap]F[/dropcap]or an apparently restricted genre, the English viol consort enjoyed a surprisingly long life. From its first stirrings in the 1520s until Purcell’s final homage to this highly refined and cultivated genre in his great 3 and 4-part Fantazias, the viol consort remained at both court and country the chamber music-form par excellence in England.

The present disc gives a survey of this repertoire for two- and three-part consort across most of the period it was at its highest point. Superficially music for viol consort developed relatively little throughout its long history. We find the same equality of parts exploring an often dense labyrinth of counterpoint that obviously owes its genesis to the great tradition of vocal polyphony. Yet as the two opening and cleverly juxtaposed items on the CD clearly demonstrate there is world of difference between the gravely dignified Fantasia of Thomas Lupo (1571-1627) – a piece that might well qualify under the disc’s ‘Sweet Melancholy’ rubric – and the first of Purcell’s 3-part Fantazias. There, although the emphasis on contrapuntal complexity remains fundamentally unchanged, the textures are more open, with contrasted sections that owe their place to 17th century Italian influences on the form.

Although the discs title might serve as a catchy handle, it also implies a restriction of mood that is not borne out by the repertoire included. Take, for example, the first of three fantasias by Orlando Gibbons, a piece that employs brief, almost fragmentary motifs to create a dynamic thrust that hints at the restless impetuosity of William Lawes. Consider, too, the music of Matthew Locke, given a more generous share than anyone. The first of a pair of 2-part Fantasias finds Locke exploiting chromaticism to disquieting effect, while the second owns to the new expressivity imported from Italy.

The performances by the Swiss-based Cellini Consort are exceptionally accomplished, give or take the occasional rough edge, with richly expressive and musical playing from its three members, all of whom apparently play both treble and bass viol on the disc. The disc might indeed well qualify as a fine introduction to the repertoire, though it should be remembered that much its greatest music was composed for larger consorts.

Brian Robins

Brian Robins

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Morales: The Seven Lamentations

Utopia Belgian handmade polyphony
TT
Et’cetera KTC 1538

[dropcap]A[/dropcap]n uncommonly interesting issue; the first, as far as I am aware, to bring all Morales’ surviving lamentations together on one disc.

The complex musicological issues surrounding their recent publication are discussed in Eugeen Schreurs’ scholarly sleeve notes; further detail can be found in Cristobal de Morales, Sources, Influences, Reception, edited by Owen Rees and Bernadette Nelson (Boydell Press 2007) and in Michael Noone’s excellent notes to Ensemble Plus Ultra’s disc Morales en Toledo  (Glossa GCD 922001, 2005). The story behind Noone’s discovery and reconstruction of the first Lamentation (track 9 on this recording) is particularly notable, involving the collation of a poorly preserved (and modified to suit later liturgical changes from the Toledan to the Roman rite) manuscript of Morales’ time from Toledo Cathedral, a copy in Puebla Cathedral in Mexico and a contemporary lute and voice intabulation by Miguel de Fuenllana.

Performances are exemplary; Utopia perform with crystalline clarity, bringing Morales’ austere and sublimely beautiful polyphony to darkly glowing life. They have taken the sensible decision to structure their programme on purely musical, rather than liturgically correct, grounds, and include a couple of appropriate pieces of Toledan plainchant, elsewhere discernable as cantus firmus material, which helps to place the polyphony in its musical context.

The notes are well-written, but I would have liked a little more detail on the individual pieces (e. g., vocal scoring, cantus firmus usage, provenance); they are sometimes also confusing in referring to the Lamentations by their liturgical placing, rather than by the order in which they are sung on the recording.

No matter – the music and the performances are what count here, and both are absolutely first class. I particularly enjoyed Morales’ kaleidoscopically varied settings of the Hebrew initial letters which introduce each verse of the Lamentations. In short, this is a lovely disc.

Alastair Harper

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Roma Æterna

New York Polyphony
72:07
BIS-2203 SACD
Guerrero: Regina cæli; Palestrina: Missa Papæ Marcelli, Tu es Petrus, Gaudent in cœlis, Sicut cervus/Sitivit anima mea; Victoria: Missa O quam gloriosum, Gaudent in cœlis

[dropcap]W[/dropcap]hat a lovely issue! New York Polyphony are an immensely polished and professional ensemble. They bring their considerable talents here to a programme of Renaissance favourites, combining Palestrina’s evergreen Missa Papae Marcelli  with his Tu es Petrus, Gaudent in cœlis  and Sicut cervus  (with its less-frequently performed secunda pars, Sitivit anima mea). The remainder of the disc is devoted to Victoria’s Missa O Quam Gloriosum, along with his setting of Gaudent in cœlis.

Despite the title, the disc begins in Seville, with a typically mellifluous (and lesser-known) Regina cæli  for four voices by Guerrero. Tone, blend and performance are all exemplary – try the glorious ‘Amen’ at the end of the Papæ Marcelli  Credo, for example, and wonder anew at Palestrina’s absolute polyphonic mastery. The recital was recorded in the suitably resonant surroundings of Omaha’s St Cecila Cathedral – allowing the many perfectly tuned final chords to linger for one’s ongoing delectation. The performance is completed and complemented by Ivan Moody’s scholarly and exemplary notes.

Alistair Harper

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Recording

Ritus Orphaeos – Il cantore al liuto

Simone Sorini
Baryton SO/11

[dropcap]I[/dropcap] really did approach this with an ‘innocent ear’ and thoroughly enjoyed it. We are offered an anthology of (mainly) Italian songs from the medieval and renaissance periods in which the singer accompanies himself on an impressive array of period-specific plucked instruments, played with an equally impressive array of period-specific techniques (various plectra and fingers) and textures (drones to polyphony). Doubtless specialists will criticise points of detail in the performance practice but it convinced me. The singing is an interesting mix of Sting (in his Dowland mode), Nigel Rogers (a willingness to experiment with technique) and Emma Kirkby (a strong engagement with the texts) and becomes increasingly ‘orthodox’ as the music becomes more modern. By our normal standards the booklet is a graphic disaster. Small and densely packed print is on a patterned background and the English ‘translation’ features regular mistakes as well as unidiomatic turns of phrase and the song texts are online only. But it’s worth persevering for the amazing amount of interesting information in there. Overall, the impression is of a performer passionately committed to what he does and I recommend this very strongly for slightly off-piste Summer listening.

David Hansell

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Byrd and Elgar revisited by Bliss

[dropcap]D[/dropcap]uring 2016 there are two scheduled concert performances in England of all or most of Byrd’s Great Service, [note]The Odyssean Ensemble, Chapel Royal of St Peter ad Vincula, Tower of London, June 2; Floreat Sonus, Church of St Mary, South Creake, Norfolk, August 15.[/note] a work that has under-achieved five complete recordings in the compact disc (CD) era. [note]The Choir of King’s College, Cambridge (EMI CDC 477712, originally released on LP 1987); The Tallis Scholars (Gimell CDGIM 011, originally released on LP 1987; omits Kyrie); The Choir of Westminster Abbey, Hyperion CDA67533, 2005); Musica Contexta (Chandos CHAN 0789, 2012; uniquely includes passage from Te Deum missing in all sources but one); The Cardinall’s Musick (Hyperion CDA67937, 2012).[/note] Because of its magnitude, being in up to ten parts with seven constituent movements, most requiring soloists and antiphonal singing besides full choir, the work can seldom be sung liturgically at the three Anglican services – Mattins, Holy Communion or Evensong – for which Byrd composed movements, or canticles. The sheer scale and the demands of the music have also militated against frequent recordings, broadcasts or secular performances. This renders the fact of two performances within one calendar year all the more welcome. Similarly welcome as all five CD recordings have been, its status as the finest setting of the complete Anglican Service ever composed demands more such attention. Recently some recognition from long before the CD era has come to light.

Byrd has been associated with Elgar to a significant extent in a small number of articles. [note]Porte, John F. “Byrd and Elgar”. The Chesterian  7 (1925): 13-16; Turbet, Richard. “Byrd, Birmingham and Elgar.” Elgar Society journal  6 (1989): 7-8; ibid. “Bits of Byrd at Birmingham, 1900”. Early Music Review  118 (2007): 9. Porte considers each composer as being the greatest in the England of their time; my articles look at circumstances surrounding the performance of Byrd’s Mass for Five Voices  during the same festival which witnessed the premiere of Gerontius.[/note] Recently, and entirely fortuitously, I came across an interesting reference in Elgarian literature to another circumstance in which a piece by Byrd – this time the Great Service  – impinged upon one by Elgar – for the third time, his The Dream of Gerontius. This circumstance has never been mentioned in the literature of early music, so it is worth recounting it briefly from a Byrdian perspective as part of the narrative concerning reception of Byrd’s music before the age of authenticity and historically informed performance, and before the release of any recording of even a complete canticle from the Great Service. [note]The Gloria of the Nunc dimittis was released on a 78rpm disc in 1923; two American recordings of the complete work were released on LP in 1954 and 1987; see A discography of Tudor church music, compiled and introduced by Timothy Day. London: British Library, 1989, p. 217.[/note]

The shenanigans surrounding the now famous and feted first complete recording of Elgar’s The Dream of Gerontius  have been dramatically recounted by the late Carl Newton. [note]Newton, Carl. “The nightmare of Gerontius: the story behind a famous recording”. In The best of me: a Gerontius centenary companion, edited by Geoffrey Hodgkins. Rickmansworth: Elgar Editions, 1999, corr. repr. 2000, pp. 306-27, especially 313.[/note] During the Second World War in Britain, it was felt that Germany was successfully exploiting the music of the likes of Beethoven as cultural propaganda, so Walter Legge, the record producer at HMV with friends in high places, proposed that the United Kingdom should retaliate. The inevitable committee of the great and good was put together. Many and various pieces were put forward, from the rather vague suggestion of “madrigals” to modern works such as Rubbra’s third symphony. In the end, not by a process of selection but rather as a result of one or two proactive individuals taking the initiative, The Dream of Gerontius  was chosen to spearhead the project. It might seem surprising that the opponent of any work by Elgar was Arthur Bliss, once seen as a wild young man of English music after the First World War, but subsequently as a protégé of Elgar himself. By now Bliss was firmly installed within the British musical establishment, having been Director of Music at the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) from 1941 until 1944 (and later to become the Master of the Queen’s Musick, 1953-75). It was shortly after resigning from this post at the BBC in March 1944 that he made known his hostility to Gerontius  stating a preference for Dowland’s lute music, Delius’s Song of the High Hills  and Byrd’s Great Service. The rest is history and can be read in Newton’s stirring account. Although Bliss is not thought of as one who had a particular penchant for early English music, notwithstanding the Meditations on a Theme by John Blow, regarded by many as his finest work, he had some documented experience with the music of Byrd, having arranged three dances (pavan, galliard and jig) by the composer as part of his incidental music for a production of Shakespeare’s As you like it  at Stratford upon Avon in 1919. [note]Foreman, Lewis. Arthur Bliss: catalogue of the complete works. Sevenoaks: Novello, 1980, p. 65.[/note] Unfortunately the score does not survive, but it is possible that therein lay the seeds of his enlightened proposal for a complete recording of Byrd’s Anglican magnum opus; perhaps he had attended one of the three initial performances by the Newcastle Bach Choir of the work in London at St Margaret’s Church, Westminster during November 1924 [note]Whittaker, W. Gillies. “Byrd’s Great Service”. Musical quarterly  27 (1941): 474-90, especially 477-78. F[lood], G[rattan]. “A note on Byrd’s ‘Great Service’.” Music Bulletin  6 (1924): 372. Flood’s observation that “the crowded church … might have been filled nightly for at least a week”, alongside his unreservedly appreciative opinion of the first two performances under Whittaker, provoke a consideration of the possibility that a fashionable musician such as Bliss might have been one of those who attended.[/note] after it had been re-discovered by E.H. Fellowes in June 1919, who observed that “this was a work entirely unknown to modern musicians”. [note]Fellowes, Edmund H. Memoirs of an amateur musician. London: Methuen, 1946, p. 130.[/note] Nevertheless, depending upon which perspective is being used, it was known as late or as recently as 1849, when it was listed, including all its constituent canticles, by Joseph Warren in a memoir of Byrd, who knew at least its accompaniment from the Batten Organ Book which he owned at the time. [note]Warren, Joseph. “William Byrd”. In Boyce, William. Cathedral music. New ed. London: Cocks, 1849, pp. 18-24, especially p. 23.[/note]

Richard Turbet

Acknowledgment: Ellen Sykes, Mitchell Library, Glasgow.