Categories
Recording

Bach: Lutheran Masses II

Bach Collegium Japan, Masaaki Suzuki
71:30
BIS-2121 SACD
BWV 233, 234 + Peranda: Missa in A minor

[dropcap]T[/dropcap]his is the second volume of the Lutheran Masses produced by Suzuki’s forces (the first volume was reviewed in the EMR for June 2015) and here the additional material is the Missa in A minor by Marco Gioseppe Peranda (1625-75), for which a substantially different group of singers leads the vocal team.

In the A major Mass, Suzuki’s performance seems at its usual alpha peak, and his liner-notes chronicle the sources from which the opening of the Gloria and other movements were parodied, without getting drawn into a discussion of whether the work (which dates from 1738/9) was created for a Christmas celebration, as suggested by A Mann: Bach’s A major Mass: A Nativity Mass?  in 1981, which would make sense of the scoring and the remarkable way that the unison Flutes add a fifth voice on top of the four vocal lines in the meditative recitativo-like Christe, which always seems to me to be one of Bach’s most graphic representations of the Incarnation. The flutes are fluent, the singers taut, and the shift between single voices and tutti in the Gloria managed so naturally that you hardly recognize the difference.

In the F major Mass, the Kyrie seems to have come from a pre-Leipzig period while the final cheerful movement with the horns is based on the opening chorus of Cantata 40, for the day after Christmas in 1726. Suzuki’s forces give energized and fluent performances of this mass too. works

The Peranda Mass is new to me, and is full of stile antico  contrapuntal writing, which may well have appealed to Bach. Peranda spent his mature years as one of three (with Schütz and Bontempi) to hold the title of Court Kapellmeister at Dresden. Bach acquired a copy of a Kyrie in C minor c 1710 and during the Weimar period made a set of parts of at least the Kyrie of Peranda’s A minor mass, though a later version seems to have included wind parts as well. On many occasions Bach must have used other composers material either straight or adapted in some way in his regular presentation of Sunday music.

As in Vol. I of Suzuki’s Lutheran Masses, these performances are natural and will repay repeated listening. You will never be irritated by quirky moments or tempi shouting out for attention. This is Bach that is recognizably Bach.

I am developing a penchant for any form of packaging other than that of the plastic, hinged boxes that snap so easily, hence only four stars: perhaps if these two CDs of Lutheran Masses are reissued together, we can have a hinged cardboard box, with room for a more substantial booklet that discusses performance practice and details the instruments and the tuning/temperament issues as well as the parody ones?

David Stancliffe

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-eu.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=GB&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=infocentral-21&marketplace=amazon&region=GB&placement=B0172MIE6A&asins=B0172MIE6A&linkId=&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

[iframe src=”http://www.jpc-partner.de/link.php?partner=ngr&artnum=8481103&bg=ffffff&tc=000000&lc=e5671d&s=120&t=1&i=1&b=1″ width=”120″ height=”214″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″]

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=earlymusicr04-20&marketplace=amazon&region=US&placement=B0172MIE6A&asins=B0172MIE6A&linkId=WR27COYVX45ZR7IN&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

Categories
Recording

En sol – Musique pour le Roi-Soleil

Rebecca Maurer harpsichord
70:30
Genuin GEN 15352
d’Anglebert, François & Louis Couperin, de la Guerre, Lully, Le Roux & Royer

[dropcap]I[/dropcap] must say that I think Ms Maurer is pushing her luck when she suggests that the use of G (sol) major and minor by French composers at the court of Le Roi-Soleil  was a subtle tribute to the boss – they’re just incredibly common keys in the period (lots of Bach cantatas in G minor, for instance). And she doesn’t quite have the courage of her convictions: I wouldn’t have minded a complete programme ‘in G’ but we get visits from C, F and B flat too.

Still, it would be a shame not to have Couperin’s Les Baricades Mistérieuses  on this sumptuous instrument (the Neuchâtel 1632/1745 Ruckers). What we have in effect, therefore, is a rather well played recital of French harpsichord music ranging from the almost tentative musings of the opening d’Anglebert Prélude  to the lunacy that is Royer’s Le Vertigo  and that is surely no bad thing. The supporting essay, apart from the optimistic special pleading, is very good.

David Hansell

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-eu.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=GB&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=infocentral-21&marketplace=amazon&region=GB&placement=B01ABAE6NK&asins=B01ABAE6NK&linkId=&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

[iframe src=”http://www.jpc-partner.de/link.php?partner=ngr&artnum=8302034&bg=ffffff&tc=000000&lc=e5671d&s=120&t=1&i=1&b=1″ width=”120″ height=”214″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″]

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=earlymusicr04-20&marketplace=amazon&region=US&placement=B010U6BPY8&asins=B010U6BPY8&linkId=QWKLJ3PFXH5KH63B&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

Categories
Recording

Un salon de musique

Ensemble Résonances
77:01
NoMadMusic NMM011
Marias, Hotteterre, Dornel, Philidor, De Visée

[dropcap]T[/dropcap]his singularly uninformative title conceals a rather lovely programme of a rather old-fashioned type: no clever theme, no ‘complete’ this or that, just a mixed recital of fine pieces that showcase the taste and skill of both the overall ensemble and its component parts. Even the note is rather quaint though in a good way – a concise and methodical vade mecum  to the music. For me the discovery was Dornel’s Sonate en quatuor  in which the basic trio sonata ensemble is joined by a third recorder player and, as always, the combination of theorbo and viol is ravishing in Marais. However, to my ear the continuo combination of theorbo and harpsichord remains too much of a good thing, especially when the instrumentation keeps changing within the same work. Is there evidence to suggest that this actually happened with anything like the frequency that modern performers would have us believe? Buy this for yourself and anyone you know who would instinctively run away from a programme of recorder music.

David Hansell

The links below are for digital products.

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-eu.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=GB&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=infocentral-21&marketplace=amazon&region=GB&placement=B00OOCP3Q6&asins=B00OOCP3Q6&linkId=&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=earlymusicr04-20&marketplace=amazon&region=US&placement=B00OO8C7TG&asins=B00OO8C7TG&linkId=JTECVJAQTCLPN7OU&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

Categories
Recording

Les éléments: Tempêtes, Orages & Fêtes Marines 1674–1764

Le Concert des Nations, Jordi Savall
98:44 (2 CDs in a wallet)
Alia Vox AVSA9914
Music by Locke, Marais, Rameau, Rebel, Telemann & Vivaldi

[dropcap]T[/dropcap]his is a live recording of an excellent programme with the theme of musical ‘tone painting’. We begin with Rebel’s Les Éléments  and end with a collection of Rameau’s meteorological invocations via Locke’s Tempest, Marais, Telemann and Vivaldi. The downside is that this kind of mixed list is inclined to evoke the school of ‘one size fits all’ performance practice so the recorder in La Tempesta di Mare  (Vivaldi’s op. 10 no. 1) has to battle with the full strings when surely solo players would have been both more suitable and more likely. But apart from this and Savall’s penchant for adding unnecessary and sometimes silly percussion I enjoyed the discs very much. The supporting material is not quite as lavish as it appears. Of the 114 pages in the booklet, 32 are advertising the ensemble’s back catalogue and just eight contain information about the music – though that is eight pages per language (six). And there are lots of nice pictures.

David Hansell

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-eu.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=GB&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=infocentral-21&marketplace=amazon&region=GB&placement=B016ECLXY4&asins=B016ECLXY4&linkId=&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

[iframe src=”http://www.jpc-partner.de/link.php?partner=ngr&artnum=8415631&bg=ffffff&tc=000000&lc=e5671d&s=120&t=1&i=1&b=1″ width=”120″ height=”214″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″]

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=earlymusicr04-20&marketplace=amazon&region=US&placement=B016ECLXY4&asins=B016ECLXY4&linkId=ROK7PB42O7SRRPF3&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

Categories
Recording

Bach: Intégrale des Partitas pour clavecin

Jean-Luc Ho
(3CDs in a box)
NoMadMusic NMM016

[dropcap]I[/dropcap]t is such a shame when artists are let down by their packaging. Here the booklet essay, while strong on the music’s compositional context, says virtually nothing about its content and the graphic designer who thought that italic white print on grey (box) and italic black print on varying shades of green (booklet) were a good idea needs a refresher course.

[Video narrated in French!]

However, I did manage to divine the USP of this release – six different harpsichords (all modern but after German originals, at least in spirit) each tuned to a different temperament. For me, this second point is a mistake – I rather enjoy the subtle differences of harmonic character that colour the keys when the temperament stays the same – but it is enjoyable to hear the instruments’ own individual colours. Jean-Luc Ho plays with fine technique, love and understanding though from time to time there is a lack of forward impetus – more bluntly, it feels a bit slow (and it is sometimes substantially slower than other performers) almost to the point of discomfort. So this wouldn’t be my first choice in this repertoire though it does offer a valuable complementary view of infinitely engaging music.

David Hansell

Categories
Recording

D. Scarlatti: Vocal Works

Key2Singing, Margot Kalse
66:16
Aliud ACD BL 084-2
Laetatus sum, Stabat mater, Arias from Tolomeo e Alessandro

[dropcap]L[/dropcap]ooking back on it, the lack of quality control evident from the cover of the programme booklet advertising the ‘aria’s’ within should have been the first warning. The note inside the cover introducing this as a special CD featuring ‘an enthusiastic group of advanced amateur singers’ should have been the second warning. The third hint was the way in which after declaring that the label is ‘immensely proud’ of this release (protesting too much, methinks) Margot Kalse’s programme note goes on, like a schoolboy’s essay, to refer to Scarlatti as ‘Domenico’ throughout, as if she had known him personally. As it was, I read none of this, and so put on the CD without prejudice and was appalled by what I heard. I don’t think I have ever heard worse singing on CD.

Placing the massed voices at a distance in a generous acoustic was a blessing, but the inaccuracy of pitch, rhythm, precision and general bad taste was sadly still apparent. The overall standard of the singing is that of a bad amateur church choir with a pervading ‘little old lady’ vibrato and equivalent failings in the male voices. Some of the solo items are not quite as bad, but are still not good, and the instrumental playing, though clearly professional and generally good, is lost in the general malaise. I am horrified at the thought of this being on general release, available to be bought by enterprising listeners keen to hear the vocal music of Domenico Scarlatti. Not only will they not get any reasonable impression of what I know to be fine and imaginative repertoire, but probably like me they will have to go away and lie down in a darkened room to recover from this digital horror – which is exactly what I did! Do not buy this CD  and please warn all your friends not 2 2 – I have suffered enough 4 all of you…

D. James Ross

Categories
Recording

Ariosti: London arias for alto

Filippo Mineccia countertenor, Ensemble Odyssee, Andrea Friggi
74:49
Glossa GCD 923506

[dropcap]U[/dropcap]ntil very recently, Attilio Ariosti (1666-1729) was musically almost unknown. It was not always so – Hawkins, in his 1776 A General History of the Science and Practice of Music  thought that the great prison scene from Coriolano  recorded here (tracks 8-9) was “wrought up to the highest degree of perfection that music is capable of”. Now (amazingly, for the second time in the past year) we are able to judge for ourselves.

Andrea Friggi has assembled a fine selection of Ariosti’s opera arias and sinfonias, not only from his mature Royal Academy of Music seasons in London, but also from earlier in his career, when he was an Imperial agent to the Viennese court and found time in between his ambassadorial duties to compose an opera or two.

Ariosti comes across as a composer of much imagination and dramatic strength; try the splendid Ouverture to Coriolano  (tracks 5-6), with its extended and lively fugato and quirkily obsessive Presto, or the eerie ‘Premera soglio di morte’ from Vespasiano, (track 4) with unisoni  bassoons wandering through the band’s chordal accompaniment. The great Coriolano  accompagnato (again with bassoon obbligato) and extended aria, with concitato  B-section, is fully as moving as Hawkins says. There is a similar dramatic contrast in tempi in the final ‘Io spero che in quei guardi’, also from Coriolano.

Filippo Mineccia sings with much richness of tone and enviable accuracy in his runs; perhaps a little more light and shade could have been brought to the interpretations, but the music comes across strongly enough.

Ensemble Odyssee give stylish and extremely lively orchestral support – they have made a particular effort to reproduce the Haymarket Theatre orchestra’s strong treble and bass sound described by contemporary operagoers such as the French diplomat Fougeroux.

Andrea Friggi is a persuasive director, as well as providing the fine sleeve notes.

One wonders what a complete Ariosti opera (Coriolano  perhaps?) would be like…

Alastair Harper

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-eu.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=GB&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=infocentral-21&marketplace=amazon&region=GB&placement=B017C1C90I&asins=B017C1C90I&linkId=&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

[iframe src=”http://www.jpc-partner.de/link.php?partner=ngr&artnum=8441870&bg=ffffff&tc=000000&lc=e5671d&s=120&t=1&i=1&b=1″ width=”120″ height=”214″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″]

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=earlymusicr04-20&marketplace=amazon&region=US&placement=B017C1C90I&asins=B017C1C90I&linkId=ZB5SY6BA5CHFPTU7&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

Categories
Recording

Abos: A Maltese Christmas

[Mailys de Villoutreys, Zoë Brown, Myriam Arbouz, George Pooley, Mauro Borgioni SSATB], Kölner Akademie, Michael Alexander Willens
67:53
cpo 777 978-2
Benedictus Dominus Deus Israel, Magnificat, Messa a due cori

[dropcap]A[/dropcap] most enjoyable issue, if a slightly misleading title – Girolamo Abos (1715-1760) was indeed Maltese born, but he was educated, and spent most of his life, in Naples, as Maestro to several of the great religious institutions there. The three pieces assembled here (a grand double-choir Missa Brevis, a four-voice Magnificat  and a five-voice Benedictus) are all in the mature Neapolitan mid 18th-century style, with graceful galant solos and richly sonorous choruses (performed one-voice-to-a-part), fully orchestrally accompanied.

The music is consistently splendid, with every textual image felicitously caught – I especially liked the cavernous and richly harmonic ‘humilitatem’ in the Magnificat  (track 10) and the rushing scales as the Superbos are Dispersed and the Potentes are Deposited (track 12). There is some particularly grand counterpoint in the Mass; try the last movement (track 22), with its two fugal subjects combining with the well-known ‘romanesca’ bass theme, used here as a melodic countersubject in both diminution and augmentation…

Soloists Maillys de Villoutreys and Zoe Brown (sop), Myriam Arbouz (alt), George Pooley (ten) and Mauro Borgioni (bass) are uniformly superb, but also blend effortlessly and beautifully in Abos’ complex concertato writing. They are seamlessly joined, in the Mass, by Charmian Bedford and Christiane Rittner (sop), Dominique Bilitza (alt), Vladimir Tarasov (ten) and Jonathan Brown (bass).

Kölner Akademie provide luscious orchestral support and Michael Alexander Willens is a secure and sensitive conductor. The excellent sleevenotes are by the Malta-based musicologist Frederick Aquilina.
Highly recommended!

Alastair Harper

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-eu.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=GB&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=infocentral-21&marketplace=amazon&region=GB&placement=B014EM30EW&asins=B014EM30EW&linkId=&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

[iframe src=”http://www.jpc-partner.de/link.php?partner=ngr&artnum=7136654&bg=ffffff&tc=000000&lc=e5671d&s=120&t=1&i=1&b=1″ width=”120″ height=”214″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″]

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=earlymusicr04-20&marketplace=amazon&region=US&placement=B014EM30EW&asins=B014EM30EW&linkId=GNOXLNSKKP4YADBW&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

Categories
Recording

Bach: Sei Suonate à Cembalo certato è Violino Solo

Leila Schayegh violin, Jörg Halubek harpsichord
94:54 (2 CDs in a wallet)
Glossa GCD 923507
BWV1014–19

[dropcap]I[/dropcap]n search of a ‘different’ approach when offering yet another period instrument recording of such well-known repertoire, ensembles often go that extra mile to make their recording stand out from the rest. Certainly the psychedelic design of both the CD box and the strobe-effect coloured circles on the discs themselves immediately does this! Reading through the notes, the players’ aim was to go in search of a wide range of colours in the music. I did at first wonder whether the listening experience might match the colour splodges on the box and go ‘over the top’. However, these two performers give us an exciting yet sensitive and generally tasteful interpretation of the sonatas.

Yes, there is much added ornamentation but (except in the case of the opening Adagio&nbps; of the C minor sonata) only those who know the works intimately will be aware of it – which is as it should be. The addition of the 4’ harpsichord stop and the muted violin (in which Schayegh uses two different types of mute) gives another acceptable touch of colour to a couple of movements, but in no way gets in the way of what is an outstanding performance of these sonatas. Halubek plays a copy of a Taskin instrument, which gives a pleasurable warmth to the sound that perhaps would not have been so evident on a German instrument. My only gripe is the use of the 4’ register on its own in the Adagio  of the F minor sonata, which gives a weird and to my mind outlandish effect. I suspect the 18th-century theorists, if not the composer himself, would have a field day criticising the false second inversion chords created where the true bass note sounds an octave higher! The bonus on the disc is the addition of the two alternative earlier movements of Sonata VI. On balance, this is a recording that is well worth the investment.

Ian Graham-Jones

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-eu.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=GB&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=infocentral-21&marketplace=amazon&region=GB&placement=B017Y3KURI&asins=B017Y3KURI&linkId=&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

[iframe src=”http://www.jpc-partner.de/link.php?partner=ngr&artnum=8505959&bg=ffffff&tc=000000&lc=e5671d&s=120&t=1&i=1&b=1″ width=”120″ height=”214″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″]

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=earlymusicr04-20&marketplace=amazon&region=US&placement=B017Y3KURI&asins=B017Y3KURI&linkId=XX2GWTOVWAVDSQET&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

Categories
Book

Lex Eisenhardt: Italian Guitar Music of the Seventeenth Century

University of Rochester Press
266pp. £60
ISBN 978-1-58046-533-5.

[dropcap]J[/dropcap]ames Tyler’s The Early Guitar (OUP, 1980) was the groundbreaking work which introduced the baroque guitar and its repertoire to musicologists and guitarists alike. The chapters on the baroque guitar in Tyler’s (and Paul Sparks’) later work The Guitar and its Music from the Renaissance to the Classical Era (OUP, 2002) are largely derived from The Early Guitar, and so the present work is the first major one on the subject since 1980 to be widely available. It is in every sense a worthy successor to The Early Guitar.

Its main focus is on the Italian repertoire but the author’s thorough approach means that earlier Spanish music is discussed (since the guitar came to Italy via Spain) as well as the later French school of guitar composers (initiated by the peripatetic Italian virtuosi of the later 17th century). As well as repertoire and players the book also examines the role of the guitar as a continuo instrument (very common in solo song, very rare in larger ensembles) and the variety of possible tunings in use.

Both of these subjects are contentious, particularly the latter, and all out of proportion to its actual importance – non specialists can get an idea by imagining heated controversy over the use of 4’ registration on the harpsichord – but such is Mr. Eisenhardt’s mastery of the varied source material that he is able to give all the information available in a very clear and concise manner. Where matters are ambiguous or the sources are contradictory he simply says so and, while his own opinions are always perfectly clear, he is very straightforward about urging players to make their own choices. This approach is as welcome as it is novel.

My only reservation about the book concerns the penultimate chapter which is largely devoted to the unusual harmonies found in the work of Francesco Corbetta, the greatest of the 17th-century guitarists. Particularly in his last two books, Corbetta enjoyed a very free and often dissonant harmonic palette with many chords saturated with 4ths. These are the chords which worry Mr. Eisenhardt and he has evolved a rather tortured explanation of why these notes (engraved in their hundreds, very clearly, in the tablatures) are meant to be fingered but not played. While this can’t be disproved, it requires significantly less effort to simply accept that Corbetta liked unusual harmonies and meant what he wrote. I would suggest that Corbetta himself alluded to the matter in the preface to his last work La Guitarre Royalle of 1674. This book is dedicated to Louis XIV and Corbetta writes ‘I had wanted to conform to the manner [of composition] most pleasing to your Majesty: The most chromatic, the most delicate and the least encumbered [by rules, i.e. rule bound]’. If we take this at face value then not only are these interesting harmonies (also found in the work of his Italian contemporaries Valdambrini and Kapsperger) explained, but we can also enjoy the refreshing image of Louis XIV as a connoisseur of chromatic harmony. The author’s theory may not convince all guitarists but he is, again, very respectful of the reader’s intelligence and urges each to make his own choice.

Mr. Eisenhardt has long been known as a skilful and sensitive performer on a wide variety of historical guitars and with the present work he has shown himself to be equally impressive as a scholar and writer. This book is not just valuable to players of the baroque guitar but also well worth the attention of anyone with an interest in the music of the 17th century.

William Carter

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-eu.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=GB&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=infocentral-21&marketplace=amazon&region=GB&placement=1580465331&asins=1580465331&linkId=&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]

[iframe src=”http://www.jpc-partner.de/link.php?partner=ngr&artnum=8526400&bg=ffffff&tc=000000&lc=e5671d&s=120&t=1&i=1&b=1″ width=”120″ height=”214″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″]

[iframe style=”width:120px;height:240px;” marginwidth=”0″ marginheight=”0″ scrolling=”no” frameborder=”0″ src=”//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ss&ref=ss_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=earlymusicr04-20&marketplace=amazon&region=US&placement=1580465331&asins=1580465331&linkId=ZW3CSEPQ3MNAR3D3&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true”]